- Project Runeberg -  Finland : its public and private economy /
95

(1902) [MARC] Author: Niels Christian Frederiksen
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The power to register a contract about the sale of
timber only, and not land, with the right of mortgage,
is a step in advance; there is thus no need to sell the
land too, where such a sale is not desirable, but only
to obtain security for the mortgage.

Misfortunes such as forest fires and destructive
winds occur after the felling of the timber. A
dried-up waste easily takes fire and burns freely; also it
is overrun by insects, and the clearance of the trees
gives access to the wind. Fire is certainly the worst
evil. It is a question, however, whether fires increase
with cultivation. In the United States, in Illinois and
Southern Wisconsin, for instance, we have seen large
tracts of country becoming gradually covered with
trees because the prairie fires no longer overrun the
country every autumn as in the time of the Indians,
destroying young seedlings everywhere except on the
wet borders of lakes and rivers. In Finland in former
times fires were very frequent on account of acts
of negligence in lighting fires, and even more on
account of the burning-over of the land, which has
thus destroyed a far greater part of the forest than
was intended. As a rule, in spite of the risks
attendant on the lumber-man’s work, fires are much less
numerous and destructive than formerly, though they
are still a great danger. Our readers must have seen
a forest fire to understand what it really is. It
resembles to some extent a heath or prairie fire, running
over the soil and killing, though not always entirely
destroying, a large number of trees; only some of the
older pine-trees being able to withstand it. In Finland
particularly, fires have destroyed dense forests of pine
and fir over large tracts of country, changing them into
woods of less valuable deciduous trees; though in some
cases the burnt forest was rapidly replaced by young

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