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the Enare Lapmark. The output of gold has not,
however, attained any great importance; during recent
years its value has hardly reached 15,000 marks per
annum. Some small nuggets have been found whose
rough exterior shows that they cannot be far from the
main reef; and a piece of rock has been examined by
some experts who, for various reasons, believe that it
may contain gold. The most recent reports say that
work there has been successfully begun by a man
returned from Klondyke.
Copper ore is found in several places. Formerly it
was extracted from the Orijärvi mine in the well-known
Fiskars Works in South-West Finland. Copper has
also been found in the parish of Kuusamo in the
North-East, but not in sufficient quantities to warrant
the beginning of regular mining. At present it is
only at Pitkäranta in the South-East that the Russian
Alexandroffski Company extracts copper, which they
treat by the wet process. In 1899 they extracted
only 224 tons, of the value of 600,000 marks, together
with a very small amount of silver and tin. These
works have special permission to import into Russia
40,000 poods, or 655 tons of copper and tin.
Iron plays a not unimportant part in the history
of Finland from the oldest times, its extraction being
at first carried out in a very primitive way. Energetic
men have repeatedly taken up the work, bringing to
it the newest methods of each period. Its history
presents a picture of varying shades, not always bright,
and we must admit that even now we have great
doubts about the future of this interesting industry.
A visit of Gustavus Adolphus to Finland in 1614-16
was the occasion of renewed efforts and of a certain
amount of success. The great war with Peter the
Great destroyed everything, but when the war was
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