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the production of iron and steel in their simple forms,
we can only imagine one thing which could increase
the productions in countries like Sweden and Finland;
this would be a larger utilisation of electro-magnetism
and thereby of the plentiful water-power already used
in the treatment of other metals and in the very
small iron production at the mines of Välimäki, about
which we have already spoken. But at the present
stage of development of the iron and steel industry
we are unable to see any future for it in Finland.
In addition to 27,000 tons of rails, the iron used
in these simple forms amounted in 1898 to 44,000
tons, against 13,000 in 1893, and more than 24,000
tons in the more prosperous year of 1890, when there
was a comparatively large increase in all business. If
we translate all iron used in Finland into pig-iron, we
arrive at a total of 135,000 tons, or one
hundred-weight per head. This proportion speaks fairly well
for the modern development of the country. How
small the quantity produced and used in Finland
really is, compared with that of the great countries, is
seen when we recall the fact that the production of
iron all over the world amounts to 40 million tons a
year. The United States produce over 15 million
tons, and Germany and England about 9 millions
each.
A much more satisfactory impression is given by
what are known in Finland and Sweden as mechanical
workshops, embracing very diverse iron industries,
including the building of iron ships and steamers. We
find greater progress here, and in most branches of
such industries an expansion which is answering
exactly to a demand, and has doubtless come to stay.
Without including the workshops on the State railways,
forty-three manufacturing workshops of this kind,
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