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ordinary fashion and comparatively well. In the
middle of the eighteenth century, when enclosures
began to take place, efforts were also made to allot the
right of fishing among the inhabitants, in the same
manner as the lands were divided. To a great extent,
however, the fisheries are still used in common, or
according to peculiar regulations made by the villagers
themselves. The general rule is that one-third of the
streams shall be open in order that the fish may pass.
Only the fishing rights in closed lakes from which
there is only one outlet, and which do not form parts of
larger water-courses, may be held as private property.
The government owns most of the salmon fisheries,
and some other people are in possession of peculiar
rights arising from old customs. On the sea the
landowners have rights as far as 1200 feet out into the
water, reckoned from six feet depth. Everybody,
however, may fish with hooks and lines. Fresh legislation
will now extend the right of private persons in
certain directions; for instance, in the sea and the
great lakes to a distance of 500 metres. Also a more
precise definition will be given of closed waters.
Among waters which are subject to private claims may
also be reckoned small gulfs from the sea which do not
exceed eight square kilometres in extent. Measures will
be taken against the fouling of the water by the bark
of floated trunks as well as against disturbing specially
protected places by dragging the lakes for iron ore.
Until now very little has been done for artificial
fish culture. The people themselves transplant fish
and roe by old primitive methods. Very successful
experiments, however, have been made with several
American varieties. There is no doubt but that the
enormous lake area of Finland, representing 11 per
cent. of the whole country, and in a large part of the
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