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rolling-stock to carry it. Expenses increased in the
period 1895-8 from 10,120,000 marks to 14,386,000
marks; the gross revenue from 15,456,000 to
22,004,000 marks; or 42 per cent. in both cases.
If, however, we compare 1896 and 1898, the revenue
increased only 23 per cent. against 34 per cent.
increase in the expenses. For 1899 we have, however,
again 25 million gross revenue and 17½ million
expenses. It is, of course, in the public interest that
communication should be facilitated even if the
government does not gain by it, so long as it does not actually
lose money. The railways are of especially great
importance for national industry, because the goods traffic
in Finland, as in the United States, holds a much more
important place compared to the passenger traffic than
is the case in manufacturing countries, where there is
not so great a mass of raw products to transport to
the ports.
The net revenue of the lines varies. It was said
that it decreased during certain periods in consequence
of the extension; but it would be more correct to say
that this was a result of construction in more distant
parts of the country. Another influence is, however,
exercised by the above-mentioned periodical
fluctuations in all kinds of business. In 1870 the net
revenue per kilometre was 1700 marks; in 1880 it
was 3101 marks; in 1895 it was only 2300 marks:
and in 1897, when the cheaper tariff was introduced
after May 1, it was 3000 marks. One year after the
construction of the line to St. Petersburg hardly 2 per
cent. was paid on the expended capital; in 1874, a
good year, it was over 4; but in 1878 it was only 1.7.
Again in 1882 it was nearly 4, but after the
construction of the Vasa line, it was less than 3; in 1883
3.6; after the addition of the Uleåborg line in 1886-7
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