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(1902) [MARC] Author: Niels Christian Frederiksen
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by the clergy of the diocese. The rural deans are
also elected by their fellow-clergymen. There are 900
pastors for more than 500 congregations belonging
to 366 parishes, each parish having usually two
pastors, one rector and a chaplain. The pastors are
mostly elected by the congregation from three
candidates sent to preach on trial by the chapter, and if
they are not satisfactory one more can be demanded.
A smaller number of pastors, in theory nominated
by the Emperor, are also really elected according to the
choice of the congregation. They are mainly paid in
kind. Every ten years a Synod of the Lutheran
Church meets, consisting of the bishops, thirty pastors
elected by their fellow-clergymen in the dioceses, a
member of the Senate, some jurists and professors of
the University, and forty-five lay representatives of the
congregations. All church laws must first pass this
Synod and can only be treated by the Diet and the
government afterwards. The affairs of the separate
congregations are decided by their assemblies, the
“kyrkostämma.”

The small Greek Orthodox Church, consisting of a
few congregations in the south-east who were allowed to
continue when Gustavus Adolphus gained this part of the
country, numbers about 40,000 persons. A few other
congregations exist at some other places where there
are a small number of orthodox people. The Orthodox
Church in Finland has its own Archbishop, and in
Church matters is under the Holy Synod in Russia.
In the towns, where there are a few Greek Catholics,
the Churches are, against the general rule in Finland,
maintained by the public treasury. For this reason
the contribution paid to the Orthodox Church by
the government is very considerable in proportion
to its small number of adherents. The most serious

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