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XPANSION OF IRISH TRADE 33
other countries to Ireland." 1
And even after their defeat
at Clontarf, the Vikings remained in the coast towns,
whence they continued to engage in trade witn England
and the Continent. Both Giraldus Cambrensis 8
and William
of Malmesbury
3
mention the extensive slave-trade carried
on between Ireland and England in the twelfth century,
Bristol being the chief centre. In addition to the slave
traffic, large supplies of wine were imported from France,
while the Irish
’
out of gratitude
’
(non ingrata) gave hides
and skins in exchange.
4
That there was commercial intei-
course with Chester and also with the towns round the
Bristol Channel may be seen from the names of the citizens
of Dublin in the year 1200 : Thorkaill, Swein Ivor from
Cardiff ; Turstinus and Ulf from Bristol ; Godafridus and
Ricardus from Swansea ; Thurgot from Haverfordwest and
Harold from Monmouth. 6
About 1170 two ships sailing
from England
"
laden with English cloths and a great
store of goods
"
were attacked and plundered near Dublin
by a Norseman, Swein, son of Asleif ;
and some years later
vessels from Britain carrying corn and wine were seized in
Wexford harbour by the English invaders. 6
The historical evidence is amply borne out by the existence
of such old Norse loan-words in Irish as mangaire (O.N.
mangari, a
’
trader ’), marg (O.N. mork, a
’
mark ’), margadh,
1
Keating :
History of Ireland, III., p. 271. (Ed. Dinneen). Keating
probably derived his information from, Giraldus Cambrensis :
Topographia Hibernica, D. III., ch. Lllir
*Expugnatio Hibernica, I., ch. XVIII.
*De Vita S. Wulstani, II., 20.
(See Cunningham : Growth of English Industry and Commerce, L.
p. 86.)
Giraldus Cambrensis :
Topographia Hibernica, I., ch. VI.
1 A. Bugge : Contributions to the History of the Norsemen in
Ireland, Part III.
Giraldus Cambrensis :
Expugwatio Hibtrnica, I., ch. Ill,
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