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harmonious work will never be effected through compulsion.
When violence puts the engine in motion it soon destroys the
whole machinery, bringing with it general ruin.
“But there are other means than compulsion for achieving
this end; there is one that does not hurt, but gives life and
strength. This is the co-operation of love. True moral love can
unite the different elements, but it is very rarely given the
opportunity of showing its strength.
“I do not object to division of labour in general, but most
decidedly do reject that at present in force. There are two
radical vices in the prevailing division. First, it is not based
on free exchange, but on the slavery of the weaker, under the
rich and powerful. Secondly, the specialisation is made without
regard to considerations of health, or the conditions of life in
general.
“There is no other cure for the evil than the union in the same
person of these two kinds of work. In this way only can they
become powerful for good. The division of labour, whose one
justification is the greater production of the special brand of
work, will always take place. More than that, it will be greatly
extended for the benefit of labour, but always on condition
that violence and compulsion be suppressed, and a law
established, enforcing due regard to the sanitary, moral, and
intellectual needs of every individual worker. The truth must
be inculcated that there is no ‘black’ and ‘white’ labour” (a
Russian distinction for lower and higher labour), “and that
there is no labour that is in itself useful or hurtful, no
occupation that is moral or immoral, without taking into account the
work imparted to it by the labourer himself.
“You cannot allot work to classes of men as intellectual or
physical, for by such division human life is destroyed. You
can distinguish between the intellectual and physical parts of
each branch of production, and every man must share in both.
Of course he cannot manage the entire work of production
himself, but he must accommodate himself to that portion of it,
both intellectual and physical, for which he has the greatest
capacity, and this distribution must in no way be dependent
on questions of caste or any privilege whatsoever.”
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