Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XIX. Sweden in 1915
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did not allow themselves to be downhearted: the
Germans, they said, had enormous resources in men
and supplies at their command; they were reorganising
all their system of war, and were animated by the
resolve to win.... And the men in power in Sweden
who were in a position to know the situation of the
German Empire held a point of view somewhat similar
to that of the Activists. They knew that Germany was
still very strong, and thought her invincible. The months
succeeding the taking of Przemysl and the triumphal
journey of the Emperor Nicolas II. to Lwow (January
and February, 1915), fully confirmed this opinion.
Towards the end of February we heard of the
German offensive in East Prussia. The Russian army
operating there was taken by surprise at the very
moment when two army corps had been withdrawn
for the Carpathians, and the troops to replace these
had not arrived. The army of General Sievers was
overthrown, lost many prisoners and stores, and was
forced to retire in haste to Grodno and Kovno, where
at last they succeeded in stopping the German advance.
But the war had decidedly been carried into Russian
territory, and fresh vulnerable points were being
discovered on our side as much in Northern Poland as on
the borders of Courland.
Moreover, this was but the beginning. Towards the
middle of May of this same ill-omened year 1915, and at
the very moment when Italy was going to throw her
good sword into the scales, we heard first of the
successful German attack at Gorlice; then of the piercing of
our front between the San and Cracow, and of the capture
of entire Russian army corps in the passes and valleys
of the Carpathians; in short it meant the decisive defeat
of our armies in Galicia. Nevertheless, Italy placed
herself on the side of the Entente and began the struggle
on the Isonzo and in the Dolomites; the Russian troops,
ferocious in their retreat, still held their own for some
time on the San; but the enormous losses sustained
on the Carpathians and in Galicia, and the want of
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