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74
the laws and ordinances of the Church. At the close
of the debate, the representatives expressed their
approval of the arguments presented by Olavus Petri, and
when the acts of the Diet had been formally ratified, the
king consented to resume the reins of government.
By the ratification of the Recess and the Ordinantia,
the Church of Sweden declared its independence of the
pope, but it was made a State Church, directly under
the jurisdiction of the king. The Holy Scriptures were
declared the supreme norm of faith. The bishops were
compelled to give up their castles and estates. Monks
and nuns left the reduced convents, several friars going
to Lapland as missionaries.
At the time of the Uppsala Council in 1593, and for
a short time thereafter, Vadstena Cloister was the only
remaining monastery. Bishop Hans Brask, the leading
figure among the Romanists, soon left the country of
his fathers to go into voluntary exile. Bishop Magnus
Sommar of Strangnas and Magnus Haraldson of
Skara, both elected in 1522 but not yet consecrated, in
the fall of 1527 were given the choice of submitting to
consecration without the pope’s sanction or vacating
their offices. Together with Bishop Marten Skytte
of Abo they were subsequently so consecrated in 1528,
at Strangnas, by Petrus Magni, bishop of VasteraS,
himself consecrated by the pope at Rome. One week
later, these bishops officiated at the coronation of Gus-
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