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being used especially for the extraction of iodine. Successful
attempts have also been recently made to extract iodine direct
from the sea-tang without burning, whereby several of the organic
substances in it are also utilised, especially pectine substances.
Other sea-weeds are much used as forage, especially Alaria
esculenta. Of peculiar forms may be further mentioned the pink
calcareous sea-weeds, the genus Lithothamnion especially being
abundantly represented. They form crusts, or thickly branching
masses, that look like coral. They sometimes grow to half a yard
in diameter.
The sea-weeds along the coast grow all the year round;
indeed, many kinds, such as Laminaria, form their reproductive
organs during the winter. The same is the case with the floating
organisms in the sea, the plankton; all the year round, in the sea
along the Norwegian coast, great quantities of unicellular algæ
are found drifting about with the ocean currents, in greatest
abundance in the spring and autumn. These organisms possess great
importance as the primitive nourishment of the sea; latterly their
occurrence has been utilised in the study of the direction of the
ocean currents.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
M. N. Blytt and A. Blytt, Norges Flora, I—III. Kristiania 1861—77.
A. Blytt, Om vegetationsforholdene ved Sognefjorden. Kristiania 1869.
C. Hartman, Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora, 11 upl. Stockholm 1879.
J. M. Norman, Norges arktiske flora. Kristiania 1894—.
F. C. Schübeler, Die Pflanzenwelt Norwegens. Kristiania 1875.
» Viridarium norvegicum, B. 1—3. Kristiania 1885—1889.
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