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It has been thought that the extraordinarily large amount of
emigration during these 20 years would lower the physical
efficiency of the nation. Recruiting statistics show, however, that the
reverse is the case, and that in years of great emigration in the
districts, there is a better quality in those left behind (a greater
percentage of able-bodied men, fewer men incapable of all military
service, fewer with narrow chest or with weak frame).
The Norwegians are no more an unmixed race in an
anthropological sense than any other European nation. C. O. Arbo’s
comprehensive investigations have shown that a distinction must be
made between two pronounced anthropological types. There is a
type which possesses in a marked degree those very qualities
already mentioned, which characterise Norwegians as a whole, namely,
great height and fairness (white skin, fair hair and blue eyes). It
proves to be further marked by the form of its skull, It is a
dolichocephalic (cephalic index about 75, of living persons about 77),
with narrow, straight forehead, strongly-marked superciliary arch,
flat lateral surfaces, and a somewhat projecting occiput, and
powerful muscular attachments. The face is long, the nose narrow and
prominent. The occurrence elsewhere of these characteristic features
shows that this is the true Germanic, or rather Aryan type.
By the side of this type, we find, however, another — the
brachycephalic type (cephalic index about 83, of living persons
about 84), with a more rounded forehead, and less pointed occiput,
a shorter face and a broader nose on a flatter base. This type
seems originally to have been dark-complexioned, as a yellowish
complexion, dark hair and brown eyes, are far more general than
among the dolichocephali. Height only medium. The type is
certainly closely related to the Central European brachycephali in
South Germany, France, etc., the Alpine type.
Between these two anthropological types, a very extensive
crossing has of course taken place. Arbo’s investigations, however,
show that there are many districts in the country where the
long-skulled [[** sjk bindestrek]] type appears in a tolerably pure form, and with marked
mental characteristics, and others where the short skulls, with their
peculiar mental habit, are the prevailing. The latter is especially
the case along the coast as far as it has been examined, and in
a few of the forest districts inland. One specially strong centre of
the short skulls is in the Stavanger province, where they perhaps
amount to ¾. Even there, however, the Aryan element in the
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