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with means of subsistence, and is of great significance generally
for all the west country divisions. Forest cultivation was especially
important in Hedemarken and Bratsberg, while Smaalenene,
Akershus, Buskerud and Bratsberg were the divisions in whose parishes
the manufacturing industry was most advanced, judging from the
relative number of persons employed in it. Handicraft showed a
somewhat even distribution, but plays a rather more important
part in the east country than in the west and the northernmost
divisions, while Jarlsberg-Larvik, Nedenes and Lister-Mandal
divisions showed the comparatively largest sea-faring population.
As regards the towns, the distribution according to station in
life was quite even throughout, except as regards fishing,
manufacture and shipping. As fishing towns, the towns in the three
most northerly divisions were especially prominent, while factory
work gave occupation to a considerable portion of the
population of the towns in Smaalenene and Buskerud, and in Kristiania.
On the other hand, shipping was represented with comparatively
greatest strength in the towns along the coast from
Jarlsberg-Larvik up to, and including, the Stavanger district.
The population of the towns and of the rural districts was
of course quite differently constituted as regards domestic
industries and stations in life. In the country parishes, rather more
than half the number of inhabitants were associated with farming
and the trades connected with it, while 16 per cent maintained
themselves by various industries, 10 per cent by fishing, and
rather more than 7 per cent by trade, shipping and traffic. In the
towns, on the other hand, the industries, trade, etc. played the
principal part, the first of these supplying about 42 per cent
with a living, and trade, shipping and traffic, 35 per cent of the
entire town population. The intellectual occupations were also, as
might be expected, much more strongly represented in the towns
than in the country.
This classification then, applies to the population in general.
In addition to this, it will perhaps be interesting to note how the
matter stands with regard to women especially. The total number
of working Norwegian women in 1891 was 627,238, amounting to
27.90 per cent of the total number of inhabitants, and 52.80 per
cent of the total number of working men and women together.
The first-named proportion exhibits some decrease since 1876, the
last, on the contrary, a certain increase (29.60 and 51.60 per cent
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