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111

(1900) [MARC]
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contributes greatly to reduce the ratio for Western Europe. Of our
more immediate neighbours, Sweden, from 1881 to 1890, showed
a rather smaller, Denmark and Finland a rather larger number
of births than Norway.

The average percentage of births is rather larger in the towns
than in the country.

That there are always more boys born than girls is one of
the oldest experiences in birth-statistics. In most European countries,
the difference, in children born alive, is about 5 or 6 per cent.
During the years 1887—1891, for instance, in Norway, 105.80 boys
came into the world to every 100 girls, and the proportion during
the present century has remained constant, the average for the
years from 1801—1885 being 105.27 to 100. In England, during
the 5 years 1887—1891, the proportion was 103.60 to 100, while
in Greece, on the other hand, for the years 1881—1885, it is
stated to have been 118 boys to 100 girls.

If the still-born children are taken into account, the difference
becomes somewhat greater, as here the majority of boys is much
greater than among those born alive.

The number of still-born children in Norway is about the
same as in Sweden and Denmark, but somewhat less than in most
other European countries. It is considerably larger among
illegitimate than among legitimate children. During the years 1887—1891,
3.92 per cent of the illegitimate children in Norway were still-born,
but only 2.58 per cent of the legitimate. In France the difference
was even more marked, 7.82 per cent being illegitimate still-born
children, as against 4.27 per cent legitimate still-born children.

The classification of births as legitimate and illegitimate is
of much interest, as it helps to throw light upon the moral
conditions of a country; but from a purely statistical stand-point, it
cannot be accorded the same significance. On the other hand,
however, it cannot be pronounced altogether destitute of interest
to population statistics, more especially because the illegitimate
children, as a rule, do not bring to society the same strength as
the legitimate, as they more frequently fall into unfortunate
conditions of life, and become a burden to society. If we compare
the state of affairs in this respect in Norway with that in other
European countries, it will be found that although in our land
there are indeed fewer illegitimate births than in the neighbouring
countries (in Norway, for instance, during the years 1891—1895,

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