Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Municipal Organisation, by U. F. C. Krohn
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be come to, refers to grants of salaries, new undertakings, the
sale or purchase of property, or the relinquishing of any right
belonging to the municipality, the aldermen must lay the matter before
the Council. The aldermen can also in other cases, where, on
account of the importance of the matter, or for other reasons, it
may be thought practical or advisable, procure the decision of the
Council, as it is also bound to do, if the prefect so requires it.
In addition to this, the Council, aware of its great authority in
all financial questions, has gradually demanded a larger and larger
share in the affairs of the municipality in questions also of an
administrative character. In response to this, special legislation
has referred more and more of the most important municipal
affairs to the decision of the Council. The revision and auditing
of the municipal accounts, for instance, have gone over to the
Council, whereas these duties formerly belonged to the aldermen
as a part of their controlling authority. In the country especially,
the board of aldermen, as an institution, has in this way been
merged more and more in the Council.
In addition to the above popularly-elected bodies, there is in
the towns, as a third link in the municipal organisation, a
government officer, the magistrate. The larger towns have a separate
magistracy consisting of one or more members, whose chief
business is with municipal affairs, while the office of magistrate in the
smaller towns is combined with another official position, as a rule
either town judge or commissioner of the police. The duties of
the magistrate are generally of an administrative character, as,
together with the aldermen, he manages the affairs of the
municipality, and prepares the cases. In towns having their own
magistrate, the preparation lies almost exclusively with the magistracy,
and the carrying out of the resolutions passed rests with it, whereas
in smaller towns the magistrate shares these duties with the
aldermen. The magistrate, however, has no power to make grants, and
in all cases of financial character, therefore, he must lay the
matter before the aldermen. The magistrate may, with the
consent of the aldermen, be admitted to their deliberations, while he
has the right to take part in the meetings of the Council, though
without voting. The magistrate, moreover, is a member, and as a
rule, chairman, of most of the separate municipal sub-departments,
e.g. Board of Guardians, Board of Works, Regulation Commission,
School Board, Harbour Commission, etc., and in this way forms
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