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rights, etc. But it was not until the eighties that the woman’s
question movement began to show more life. In 1884 the
Norwegian Woman’s-question Union («Norsk kvindesagsforening») was
founded to watch over the interests of women in social, financial and
legal matters. By an act of 1882, the university had been opened
to women. At the same time, the public boys’ schools were opened
to girls, with the introduction of co-education. This is largely
employed in the higher classes too. There is, however, only a small
number of girls that carry their studies right on to the university,
or to its leaving examinations. In some towns, however, lady-doctors
practise, and in recent years women have obtained more and more
places in public and municipal service, especially as telegraph
operators, post-office functionaries, clerks, etc., thus chiefly in subordinate
positions. In the primary schools especially, a large number of women
are employed as teachers. In private service also, and as
independent business-people (industries, trade, etc.) an ever-increasing number
of women find their occupation. In short, women’s participation
in the intellectual and economic development of the nation of late
years is everywhere apparent; and it is not only as self-supporters,
but as contributors to the support of others (relations). On the
other hand, the frequency of marriages has also increased lately.
The average number of marriages from 1886 to 1890 was 12,560
annually, from 1890 to 1895, 13,040, and in 1896 13,962. By an
act of 1888, personal authority and right to dispose as she likes
of what she herself has earned and the proceeds of it, have been
assured to the wife. The law is that there shall be community
of goods between the husband and wife, with the husband as their
disposer in the capacity of manager. But there is ample and easy
opportunity for exclusive possession by contract or by the
intervention of the authorities, if the husband squanders the property.
The husband has no command over the land or life-policies that
his wife brings, nor can he, without her consent, give away more
than ⅒ of the common estate. There is also a strong movement
in favour of allowing women to participate in the government of
municipality and state. Women take part in the election of
inspectors in the primary schools, and may be themselves elected. All
women above 25 years of age have the right to vote in municipal
questions as to whether the wholesale or retail sale of spirits (by
«samlag») shall be permitted. But at present an active effort is
being made to place women on an equality with men in all
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