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- Education, by J. V. Heiberg
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EDUCATION
I. ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION.
The development and improvement of the primary schools has
been an object of the nation’s endeavours for the last
century. It has been clearly seen that in a democratic community
like ours, it is to the interest of individuals, as well as of society
at large, to improve the education of the people.
By a royal ordinance of 1739, an endeavour was made to
introduce into the country a general school-attendance and a
permanent school for each church parish. The measure, however, was
never put into practice. On account of the scattered population,
the long distances, and the lack of teachers, it was left, by an
ordinance of 1741, to the several parishes with the approval of
the magistrates, to arrange their school affairs «according to their
opportunities and the situation of the land».
The primary schools of the towns in the beginning of the
century were called, and arranged with the intention of being,
«poor schools». In certain towns, however, there were primary
schools of a somewhat different stamp. A considerable
improvement was made by the act of 1848, which arranged the elementary
instruction in the towns.
A general arrangement of the rural elementary schools had
already been come to by an act of 1827. By this act, it was
determined that near every principal church in the country, there
should be a permanent school, but otherwise ambulatory schools.
Both before and long after the act of 1827, the priests were the
leaders in school matters, each in his own parish; and it is owing
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