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- Fisheries, by Johan Hjort
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is pursued for the most part in deep-water (80—200 fathoms), and
has developed in an especial manner in the Romsdal county,
Vesteraalen and Finmarken, particularly on the banks outside
Romsdal. Decked boats are employed here, cutters and even small
steamers. This fishery was originally begun by Swedish
North-Sea-fishermen. Its development may be seen from the following survey:
| | 1862 | 1873 | 1883 | 1890 |
| Vessels, | Norwegian . . | 5 | 7 | 21 | 78 |
| » | Swedish . . . . | 9 | 12 | 1 | — |
| Fishermen | 196 | 233 | 274 | 707 |
| Ling taken (cwt) . . . . | 6,690 | 24,000 | 27,000 | — |
| Value of raw produce . kr. | 46,800 | 143,300 | 155,000 | 250,000 |
THE HERRING FISHERIES.
Next to the cod fisheries, the herring fisheries are the most
important. They, too, are carried on all along the coast. In olden
times the herring was only used fresh or dried, and then
exclusively for home consumption; but after the invention of herring
salting (by the Dutchman Beuckel, in 1416), a herring fishery
was also developed in Norway for exportation, and in the year
1897, 29.6 million gallons of herring were exported, their value
being kr. 18,000,000.
The herring fisheries have a still more variable character than
the cod fisheries, and some years have even been altogether wanting.
These variations have so affected the economy of entire districts,
that good and bad times, as a whole, have been dependent upon
them. It is a widely-spread belief that there are regular «herring
periods», with good and bad herring years. Such periods have
even been set at a certain number of years (about 30). As an
instance of how great the variations can be in the profits of a
single fishery, it may be stated that the so-called spring herring
fisheries in certain years of the herring period 1840—70, could
occupy as many as 30,000 men, and yield as much as 20 million
gallons, and then sink down to almost nothing. In recent years,
the herring seems to be once more returning.
The herring frequents our coasts only during short periods of
the year. Suddenly, as if by a stroke of magic, the sea becomes
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