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be found here and there in the west country — a kind of
primitive open fire-place without a chimney, placed in a corner.
The smoke poured out of the upper part of the stove into the
room, and found its way out through the smoke-hole. Not until
after the Reformation does the open hearth with chimney appear
to have been general in the country districts. In connection with
the last-named kind of fire-place, windows were introduced, and
the ceiling which, on account of the smoke-hole, had hitherto
been a raftered roof, was now, at any rate in the east country,
built of horizontal beams.
The oldest houses in preservation, among them Raulandsstuen
from Numedal (probably from the 13th century, now standing on
the Folkemuseet’s property on Bygdø), contain one large room and
two smaller ones. Not until much later have there been any signs
of an endeavour to make a more convenient combination of the
rooms, the dwelling-houses, however, being always kept separate
from the outhouses.
The older dwelling-rooms were all arranged on one plan [[** sic, -e?]] (to
some extent with local peculiarities), with the high-seat, table,
corner cupboard, etc. always in the same place. Frequently it is
all worked together in form and treatment of colour into a
harmonious whole, enclosed within richly-coloured walls and ceilings:
and the national art-industry unfolded in the ornamentation of
the houses, has borne fruit, especially of late years, in art and
craft. Both inside and outside, the massive timbers of the walls
are visible, with their cross-joints at the corners, and the projecting
ends of the logs, cut in a bold curvature from the foundation to
the eaves. Upon this corbel, the roof juts far out over the gables.
These one-storied dwelling-houses, with their low, verdant, turf
roof above the nut-brown, log walls, are often remarkable for their
good proportions; and the comparatively highly decorated verandah,
still existing here and there, heightens the picturesque effect. The
outlines of the gables are thrown into relief and protected by
broad barge-boards, often richly carved.
Entirely developed, two-storied houses with chimneys and iron
stoves make their appearance in the country in the 18th century.
The store-houses (cf. page 328), on the other hand, were built
in two floors as early as the 11th century, generally with one
room on each floor. The lower floor is the store-room for
provisions, and to protect these from damp and vermin, the house is
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