Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Part I - Inflection of Words - I. The Noun - IInd. Declension
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The word frœði, knowledge, is in the Singular feminine
and remains unchanged, like æfi; but in the Plural it is
neuter and is declined like kvæði.
63. Some neuters are found in the Nom. and Acc. with
and without the termination in -i, as: eing and eingi;
fullting (Dan. Hjœlp) help; and fulltingi; sinn, and
sinni, the longer form belongs to the modern icelandic
language, but often appears in modern copies of old
manuscripts.
64. The Masculine guð, which drops the r in the Nom.
and forms the Plur. in guðir, is distinguished from the Neuter
goð (heathen image) Plur. goð. Many words ending in i
and r form the Plur. in -ar, as:
kærleikr̓, kærleik, or kærleiki, kærleika;
Plural kærleikar.
sannleikr̓, sannleiki; Plural sannleikar.
The forms -leiki are common in the modern language. The
new form often gives a new signification as:
oddr̓, a point, oddi — a neck of land;
munnr̓ (Dan. Mund) mouth — munni, mouth of river;
karl, an old man — Karli, male name „Charles“.
Some differ altogether:
bragr̓ (= staðr̓ 60) a poem — Bragi, male name;
hugr̓, will — hugi, sense, thought and male name Hugo;
hlutr̓, an ounce, thing — hluti, a part.
It happens sometimes that words are similar to these
terminations, without being related together, as:
bolr̓ (= dalr̓) block — boli, bull;
hagr̓, condition — hagi, garden,
It is rare that the neuter of this declension changes into the
masc. of the former, by taking the termination of i; as:
ómak and ómaki (Gylfaginning 12) fainting fit;
mál, speech — formáli, tale;
verk, work — verki, writing, poem,
with the exception of those which lose at the same time their
entire signification, as:
land, land — landi, countryman;
bú (Dan. Bo), furniture — bui, neighbour;
höfuð (Dan. Hoved) head — höfði, Cape;
norðr̓ (Dan. Norden) north — Norðri, name of a dwarf.
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