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25
oldest danish language; they shorten the radical letter so
that t is
dropped and 8 is hardened into d or t, in words the
characteristic letter of which is a hard consonant as:
bart, bar8f, bOrS; tamt, tamdr, tOmd; vakt r
vaktr, vOkt.
In this manner we find in some of these words a double
or triple form, of which the contracted one is the oldest;
those in ft, fnn, in, are modern Icelandic. The words of
double form receive the general mixed declension after the
euphony, as:
Sing. Nom. vakit (wakened) vakinn vakin
.1<T. vakit vakinn vakta
Dat. vOktu voktum vakinni
Gen. vakins vakionar
Plural Nom. vakin vaktir vaktar
Ace. vakin vakta vaktar
Dat. voktum
Gen. vakinna
Def. Form. Nom. vakta vakti vakta etc.
As a proof of the real use of contractions by the ancients,
we cite:
kraft (Fms. 4,122 and 176), baktr (Fms. 2,305); but,
paki8r, (Grfmnism. 9), dult (Isfcindingas. 2,243);
huldr (Snorra-Edda 136), skill (Fms. 6,220).
The modern forms are:
krafit, pakinn, dulit, hulinn, skilit.
96. There is another kind of words which contracts as:
au8igt, rig-t, Plur. au8ug, auQgir, au<5gar;
malugr, malgir; Oflugr, oflgiretc., but it is rare and
not irregular. Heilagt, -lagr, -log contracts in the short-
ened forms ei into e, Plur. heilOg, helgir, helgar, def.
Form helga, helgi,helga. The root ill is accented in the
n. g. ill i. illr, ill, and sann contracts nn with t into // :
salt, sannf, sOnn; allt, allr, Oil wants the def. form,
because it is definite in itself.
97. Compound Adjectives in a are not declinable as:
einskipa (Fms. 7,123), sundrskila (Fms. 11,131). But
there are some, in which the gender is shown in the Nom.
in the m. g. in -i, f.
g. in -a as: sammoeSri (Fms. 6,50),
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