A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 39 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Part I - Inflection of Words - IV. The Verb

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129. It must be observed that the Imperative 1^st and 2^nd
person harmonize with the Indicative Present. The third person
is formed by the Conjunctive, as: Nj. 67:

                köllum karl enn skegglausa!

and Sverriss. S. 185:

                Týnom Birkibeinum!

                beri Sverrir hlut verra! etc.

130. In reflective verbs the 1^st
Person Plur. -umst, is often
seen, also in the 1^st Pers. Sing, as:

                eigi berjumst ek (Fms. 6, 25),

                ek hugðumst (Snorra E. 97).


131. The terminations of the Plural drop in the 1^st Pers.
-m, in the 2^nd Pers, -t (ð) [[** kursiv i dansk **]] if immediately followed by a pronoun,
particularly in the Imperative, as:

                megu ver, megu þit (Nj. 17),

                föru ver! fari her!

132. The 1^st Class is very regular. Words which have no
-a in the principal syllable take naturally no modification, as:

                ek skipa, ver skipum, ek skipaða, ver skipuðum,

not even those which have ö, change it into a, although the
-u termin., which seems to have occasioned the ö in the principal
syllable, is dropped and terminates in -a, as:

                ek fjötra, ver fjötrum, ek fjötraða, ver fjötruðum,
fjötrat.

133. The other class has some irregularities, occasioned
by the vowel -i in the Imperfect and Part., which is dropped
if the consonant is the same as the root. The ancients make
it single, where it was double as:

byggi	bygða	bygt	-gðr	-gð
hnýkki	hnykta	hnykt	-ktr	-kt
kippi	kipta	kipt	-ptr	-pt
kenni	kenda	kent	-dr	-d
stemmi	stemda	stemt	-dr	-d
hvessi	hvesta	hvest	-tr	-t

134. The termination is still more influenced by the consonant
of the root

        -ta after p, t, k, s,

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