A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 46 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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take in the 2^nd and 3^rd person not -r, but in the 2^nd -t, and
retain in the 3^rd the termination of the first, as:

        ek les, þú lest, hann les, Imp. las, Sup. lesit;

        ek blæs, þu [[** sic, = ú?: dansk har aksent **]] blæst, hann blæs, Imp. blès; Sup. blásit;

        ek ris, þú rist, hann ris, Imp. reis, Sup. risit;

        ek frýs, þú [[** sjk aksent: dansk har likedan ú **]] fryst, [[** dansk har ý **]] hann frýs, Imp. fraus, Sup. frosit.

No doubt this belongs to the modern icelandic language, not to
the genuine old Norsk, in which the termination was without
doubt r, contracted with s into ss:

        ek eys, þú eiss (Lokagl. 4), hann eiss, ver ausum,
Imp. jós, Sup. ausit. Also:

        ek vex, þú vex (not þu [[** ikke ú her: dansk har ú **]] vext), Snorra E. 114, hann
vex, sst. ver vöxum, Imp. vóx or óx, Sup. vaxit.

The modern language applies this rule generally to those words,
whose principal letter is r as:

        eg fer, þú ferð, hann fer, for

        ek fer, þú ferr, hann ferr,

which is generally the rule in the ancient language.

146. The 2^nd form, 1^st Class, contains some irregular
verbs, as:

ek	tred	at	troða	trað	tráðum	træði	troðit,	to tread
-	kem	-	koma	kvam	kvámum	kvæmi	komit	to come
-	sef	-	sofa	svaf	sváfum	svæfi	sofit,	to sleep
-	get	-	geta	gat	gátum	gæti	getið,	to beget
-	get	-	geta	gat	gátum	gæti	getað,	to talk of
-	et	-	eta	at -um		æti	etið,	to eat
-	veg	-	vega	vá -gum		vægi	vegit,	to kill
-	ligg	-	liggja	lá -gum		lægi	legit,	to lie
-	þigg	-	þiggja	þá -gum		þægi	þegit,	to receive
-	se	-	sja	sá -m		sæi	sèd (sèð),	to see.

[[** -um -gum etc. er ikke feilplasert i kilden: dansk har tilsvarende **]]

For kvam etc. we find often kom-um, kæmi, rarely in the
Imp. Sing. vág, lág, þág; the second person is þú vátt
(Nj. 203), not vágt. The word se shortens, when u follows
after a, as: in the Pres. sjám (ver), Hk. 1, 163, and in the
Imperf. sáð (þer), Nj. 8. Part. Pass. adds j before e or takes
the accent, as: in n. g. sèt (or sèð), in m. g. sènn (Fms.
5, 249) or séðr, in f. g. sèn.

147. To this class belongs also the auxiliary verb, ek
em, I am:

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