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the commerce and navigation of the Union
suffered during the war from various privateers
which were built in England on the Southerners’
account.
The Alabama Question took its name from
the privateer which went out from Liverpool
and occasioned the greatest devastation while
the war lasted. Although the executive of the
Union at Washington duly directed the
attention of the English Government to the fact
that allowing the pirate to leave the English
port would be equivalent to a breach of the
peace, yet the Government took no measures
to prevent the vessel leaving. The American
Government, who with reason regarded this
omission as a violation of the laws of neutrality,
claimed from England full compensation for
the property which had been destroyed in the
course of the civil war by the Southern privateer
which came from an English port. I have
previously given more particularly the constitution
and functions of the Court of Arbitration
appointed to settle the threatening dispute which
arose on this occasion. The arbitration award
had to be adjudicated in accordance with the
three following fundamental principles of
international law:—
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