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with canals and railroads which might in the
future be constructed to get past the
unnavigable portions of the Congo and Niger. Not
even in time of war may the freedom of
communication and commerce be interrupted. The
transport of contraband of war alone is
forbidden. An international commission takes care
that all these international agreements are kept
in force. This authority, composed of delegates
from each of the States which took part in the
Berlin Conference, is independent of the local
authorities in Congo-land.
Now, every free people has naturally an
independent right to arrange its own affairs as it
chooses, upon condition that it grants the same
right to every other State.
In consequence of this principle in
international law, neutralization is applied in very
varied ways according to the very varying
conditions of those who have the benefit of it,
and altogether in harmony with their wishes.
Thus, for example, neutralization when it
concerns a territory, consists not only in forbidding
any warlike operation in the domain thus
rendered inviolate, but involves a similar
prohibition with respect to any marching or
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