Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Chapter. The rise and development of the correction-system
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Pensylvania did not, however, give up the
idea, on which its first reform in prison, discipline
rested, although it had, in practice, been omitted,
namely: the perfect separation of the prisoner from
other criminals. This question, so important to
the State and to humanity, was examined in every
point of view, by the most distinguished writers,
and found in M:r Edward Livingston of Boston,
a most zealous and enlightened advocate. A new
prison, calculated for the cell-system, was erected
at Pittsburg, and when it was found, that through
a fault in the manner of building, which gave the
prisoners an opportunity of communication, it did
not answer the purpose intended, another house of
correction was built at Cherry-Hill, which is
considered as the model for the new Philadelphian or
Pensylvanian system, the rise of which may
properly be reckoned from 1829.
This system rests on four leading principles:
a) The perfect separation of the prisoners, as
well by day as by night.
b) The abolition of all corporal punishments.
c) Religions instruction and severe labour.
d) The absence of all conversation with any
but the inspectors, the overseer, the clergyman, the
teacher, the doctor and the keeper.
Consequently, not only is the honour of having
first applied the elevated principle, of uniting
improvement with punishment, due to the legislators
of Pensylvania; they have also, by a
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