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102 PROBLEMS CONFRONTING RUSSIA
valuable kind of caviare, is exported abroad. In Astrakhan
immense refrigerating plant and storage accommodation
serve this purpose. The richest sturgeon river is the Kura.
It yields annually not less than 320 tons of caviare. Besides
the sturgeon, the Caspian region contains carp, silurus,
bream, barbel, salmon, and other species.
The Caucasian region is famous for its herring fisheries,
the Black Sea for its beluga. The Baltic Sea fisheries are
chiefly engaged in the catch of sprats, pilchards, cod, eels,
smelts, flounders, salmon, and sig. Riga and Reval are the
chief centres of the canning industry. The fisheries of the
lakes of the North-West are also of great importance,
although they require organisation.
The Northern region of the Murman and White Sea
districts is chiefly engaged in open-sea fishing for cod,
haddock, flat fish, wolf-fish, salmon, navaga, herring, and
seal.
The Far Eastern fishing industry is engaged chiefly in the
catch of salmon, the bright red nerka, and herring. In
1910, over forty millions of herrings were caught in this
region. The estuary of the Amur is especially famous
for its quantities of salmon. The fisheries in these
regions will attain much greater dimensions when properly
organised.
The Turkestan fishing industry, comprising the basin of
the Aral Sea, is chiefly engaged in the catch of the silurus,
bream, vobla, sandre, carp, barbel, pike, and sturgeon.
Fish farming, which was started in the Polish and Baltic
Provinces, has a great future in Russia owing to the natural
conditions prevailing in the Empire, which are favourable
to such farms.
Paper.—The manufacture of paper in Russia is favoured
by the unequalled wealth of timber grown on Russian soil.
Yet Russia is poor in supplies of wood pulp, a material which
is indispensable for the requirements of paper-mills. This
rather surprising fact can only be explained by lack of
organisation. Russia’s manufacture of paper has remained
far behind the ever-increasing demands of the market, with
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