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4. The Kingdom of York.
Ivar and Halfdan captured York on November 1,
867, and next year set out for further conquests in the
south, leaving the kingdom of Northumbria—that is
to say Deira, or the part of Northumbria south of Tyne—under
an Englishman, Ecgberht. The Libellus de
Rebus Saxonicis) an early authority, gives him a reign
of five years, succeeded by Richsi for two years,
and names Ecgberht as king for two years more.
Symeon of Durham makes Ricsig king in 877
(Letter on the Archbishops of York) ; Mr. J. R. Green
identifies him with Bagsecg; others regard him as
a native tributary king of Bernicia. It was not
until 875 that Halfdan returned from the campaign
against Ælfred, and next year dealt out the lands of
Northumbria to his followers.
The southern limit of Northumbria was much the
same as that of modern Yorkshire and Lancashire ;
we have seen that it included Manchester. The
northern limit was still the Tyne, beyond which,
though Halfdan penetrated in 876, he did not personally
rule, for the government was left in the hands of
Ecgberht, probably the Englishman who had ruled
Northumbria as tributary king, and now founded the
long line of ealdormen or high-reeves of Bernicia with
head-quarters at Bamborough. The Danes did not
settle in Bernicia ; even in county Durham their place-names
are comparatively rare, although this is no
absolute test of their presence or absence. Where
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