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abbeys were yet founded in the north ; but the work
of rebuilding churches, which had begun in the
southern part of the Danelaw, must have made progress.
It was not until 970 that Ely was restored as
a monastery. The Danes were at first destroyers,
though Wilfrith’s Ripon survived their attacks until
Eadred destroyed it ; they were no architects or
masons, and their earlier monuments in imitation of
the beautiful Anglian crosses were mere slabs picked
from the surface of rocky land and chipped over with
a pattern ; their churches were thatched or tiled
fabrics of wood or wattle-and-daub, such as the hog-back
tombs represent. But after the middle of the
century their monuments seem to have become more
skilfully quarried and carved, though still with the
Anglo-Danish style of ornament, unlike the art of
southern England at the time ; and it is possible that
some of the "Saxon" churches of the north were
restored, and others built, under the influence of the
revival of arts in the reign of Eadgar.
When he succeeded his brother on the throne of all
England (959) the Danelaw, in a sense, gave a king
to the Saxons, and with him Anglo-Danes won places
in church and state. We have seen that Odo could
rise to an archbishopric ; now his nephew Oswald
became bishop of Worcester, and, after Oskytel
(Ásketil), archbishop of York. Thord Gunnarsson,
who led the English expedition into Cumbrian and
Viking Westmorland in 966, and was afterwards jarl
of Deira, was already, in 961, "præpositus domus" of
the king ; and many Scandinavian names appear in
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