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174

(1908) [MARC] [MARC] Author: William Gershom Collingwood With: Frederick York Powell
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not conciliate Northumbria. In spite of the Norse
element which Dr. Jón Stefánsson’s analysis of the
"Festermen" (p. 165) appears to suggest, the people
of Yorkshire and surrounding districts (Cumberland
must be left out of England until after the reign of
William I.) were pro-Danish and not pro-Norse, as the
battle of Fulford proved. Gospatric, Merlesvein, and
Archill (Arnkill) the chief landholder—höld, as he
would have been called a century earlier—invited
King Svein of Denmark to intervene. Whether they
intended Eadgar Ætheling to be placed on the throne,
or whether they would have preferred direct relations
with Denmark, is doubtful.

At first, the movement seemed to die away with the
submission of Eadwine, Mórkári, Archill, and the
bishop of Durham, and the flight of Eadgar Ætheling,
Gospatric and Merlesvein to Scotland. York and
Lincoln received William and gave hostages, among
whom was perhaps Thurgod, known later as bishop
of St. Andrews and biographer of St. Margaret of
Scotland, who escaped from Lincoln Castle, and took
ship at Grimsby, to the surprise of certain ambassadors
from William to King Olaf when they chanced to find
him on board (see the story in Symeon’s Hist. Regum,
s.a.
1074). Meanwhile the sons of King Harold of
England, who had taken refuge at Dublin, returned
with a fleet to attack Bristol and the southwest, as
they did again next year, to little purpose. But in
1069, after a fresh rising against the Normans in
Durham and York, King Svein at last despatched his
promised contingent. The fleet under his brother

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