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Some suggestion of new Norse settlements in Lincolnshire
has been already made (p. 112). Still we find
eastern Yorkshire and Lincolnshire to be, 800 years
later, as they were 300 years earlier, Scandinavian
districts. Lancashire, in which the dialect is more
akin to that of the Midlands, filled up from the
south, except Lonsdale, which is closely related to
Westmorland.
Thus the population of Yorkshire, and by its
analogy we may conclude the same of the whole
Danelaw, underwent great changes during the twelfth
century ; and the preponderance of Scandinavian
blood was further reduced by immigration as the
various industries sprang up and invited skilled
workmen from distant parts. Not only the Normans
but Flemings in the twelfth century, and Germans in
the fourteenth, came into the country : the mines at
Alston were worked about 1350 by a party from
Cologne under Tillmann, and the great German
colony under Hechstetter in the time of Elizabeth
made a notable addition to the Lake District population.
Even in the fourteenth century, as can be
seen from the poll-tax returns of Yorkshire, names
suggest immigration from various parts of England,
from Scotland and Ireland and from France. Consequently
the ethnology of Northumbria is no easy
problem to unravel, and anything like pure Scandinavian
descent is not to be expected. Dr. Beddoe
and Mr. Rowe (see the paper above quoted) took
measurements in 1902 of twenty men of pure local
descent in Oakworth and Haworth, finding types of
very different origin in this closely associated group
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