Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Scandinavian Britain - III. The Norse Settlements - 3. Cumberland and Westmorland
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Keswick superseded was Crosthwaite. Leath Ward is
the district on the Hlið or slope of the hills of Edenside ;
so Lyth, in the Gilpin Valley, and Liddale, in
1292, was spelt Lythdale. Musgrave probably means
the moss where peat was dug ; Natland, Nateby and
Naddale refer to naut, "neat," cattle ; Orgrave (Oure-graue
in Domesday) is a place where iron-ore was
dug at early times; perhaps pre-Norse, but possibly
aur-gröf. Raisbeck and Raisthwaite may be so
called from the cairns (hreysar) near them, like Dunmail
Raise. Rossett and Rosthwaite may refer, like
Rusland, to the name of Hrólf, or to hross, a horse,
like Hrossaholt in Iceland. Sawrey and Sowerby are
"sour" lands, from saurr. Scafell is the mountain
of precipices with chasms in them, perhaps Skora-fell ;
Scarthgap is the pass through a notch (skarð) in the
hills. Southerfell is the Icelandic Sauðafell, like
Fairfield (Færfjall) the hill where sheep pasture ;
Sunbrick (Swenebrec in the fourteenth century) is
svína-brekka, the bank where swine feed. Swarthmoor
(svartr) and Sweden (sviðinn) How are places where
the copse or heather was burnt. Thrimby, in Domesday,
is Tiernebi, tjarnabær, the farm of the tarns ? ;
Tilberthwaite, in the twelfth century, Tildesburgthwait,
the field of the tent-shaped hill (tjaldberg) ; and Torver,
the ergh on the peat moss. Ulpha and Ullscarth
recall the fact that wolves roamed the hills ; Warcop
and Warwick, Warthole (hóII, a hill) and Warton are
named from their beacons (varða). Watendlath
was Wattendland, temp. Richard I. Whale is perhaps
simply hváll, the hill, used as a place-name in Iceland.
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