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distress. The first definite settlement of Galloway,
therefore, may be put at this date, simultaneously with
that of Cumberland and Dumfriesshire. Thenceforward
Galloway is to the Island kingdom as Caithness
is to the Orkney earldom, a mainland colony of allies
rather than dependents; and its subsequent history
is bound up with that of Man and the Isles.
5. Man and the Isles.
We have seen that about 880 Man was already a
Scandinavian colony. In the year 900 Vikings from
Ireland, under the O’Ivars, ruling in Dublin and
Limerick, invaded Scotland and killed King Domhnall
at Dunottar ; and three years later Ivar O’lvar plundered
Dunkeld, but was slain in Stratherne. This
seems to suggest the extension of Irish Viking enterprise,
after the invasion of Harald Fairhair, into and
beyond the districts he had depopulated. In 914 Bard
Ottarson, whose son Colla was lord of Limerick in 924,
was killed in a sea fight off the Isle of Man by Ragnvald,
afterwards king of York. At Brunanburh Bard’s son
Hárek was present, and Geleachan (one of the Irish
names in giolla, adopted by the Gallgael), king of
the Islands, was killed. In 940 the Insigall were
plundered by King Muirceartach mac Neill, who
himself had been taken prisoner by the Vikings three
years earlier, but ransomed. In the middle of the
century Morann, son of Connra the "fleet-king of
Lewis," son of the king of Norway (or the Norse), is
named in connexion with Limerick (Prof. A. Bugge,
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