Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Scandinavian Britain - III. The Norse Settlements - 5. Man and the Isles
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and replaced them by "his own people." This extension
of the Scottish power at the expense of the
Norse went on during the reigns of William the Lion
(1166-1214) and Alexander II. (1214-1249), who
crushed repeated revolts in Galloway, Moray and Ross,
and added all the mainland, including Caithness, to
the Scottish kingdom. The last act of Alexander II.
was an unsuccessful attempt to add the Hebrides to
his power.
Ragnvald of Man reigned for thirty-eight years. One
of the incidents of his troubled reign was an attack on
the island by King John of England (1210), invading a
country until then no part of the English realm, but
politically under Norway. On Ragnvald’s deposition
by his brother Olaf the Black, Hákon Hákonarson,
king of Norway, tried to reassert his power over the
Hebrides, which had ceased to pay the accustomed
tribute ; but the expedition he sent under Hákon
Ospak was defeated by Olaf the Black, who remained
in Man until 1237, with Godred Don, his nephew, as
viceroy over the northern Isles ; the central Hebrides
being still under the family of Sumarlidi, whose great-grandson
John, lord of the Isles, was in possession at
the time when Olaf the Black’s sons, Harald and
Ragnvald (Ronald), having died, there was a failure in
the direct descent of the Manx crown (1249), which
gave Alexander II. his opportunity to annex the
Islands – an opportunity which failed on this occasion,
but recurred before long to his successor.
Alexander II. had tried at first to win the Hebrides
by negotiations with Hákon of Norway, on the ground
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