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(p. 250) or about 1000. Not until half a century later
was there a bishop, Henry (see Orkney and
Shetland Old Lore, Jan. 1907, Diplomatarium, p. 1),
appointed by the see of York, followed by Thorolf,
appointed 1056 by the archbishop of Bremen.
Christ’s Kirk, in Birsay, the first church known to
have been built by the Norse, dates from a little
after 1050, though Dietrichson and Meyer (Monumenta
Orcadica, Christiania, 1906) think that there
may have been a somewhat earlier St. Olaf’s church
in Kirkwall, and three tiny Norse chapels on Sanday
dating from the heathen time, but later than the
Pictish period because they are built with mortar.
St. Magnus’ church at Egilsey, dated by Dr. Anderson
about 1000, is thought by Dietrichson and Meyer to
be not earlier than 1135, though an earlier church
existed on the spot.
The same authors find remains to illustrate every
period of Orkney history. At Toftsness on Sanday,
the nearest point to Norway, seems to have been the
first Norse settlement, a populous place on the site of
a previous Celtic village, and defended by a stone
rampart resembling pre-historic fortifications in
Norway. This is still called Coligarth, in 1693
written Cuningsgar, and obviously meaning "the
king’s garth." At Tranaby are interments of the
heathen age known as "the Bloody Tuacks," and
Ivar’s Knowe on Sanday may be the grave of Ivar,
son of jarl Ragnvald of Mœri, killed in the
expedition which brought the islands under the power
of Harald Fairhair. As weregild for his son, Harald
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