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alder than die spruces. Same of them are among the oldest in Uppland.
They are survr vors of old storm-gips in rvlr ich the yanng spnrces are once
main gro wing up.
It has been suggestod that cattle-pasturing during the time of the pottery
factory should have inffnenced the development of the Piby farest. This faet
is said to te proved per-tly by the candelabraform of the old birches, sup
posedly caused by harvesting the foliage. partly by marlts on the spruces
made by goats and sheepgraving. As to the bircli, no traces of sawing dm-ing
the 18th century have been demonstrated, and the candelabra-Éarm of the
crowri is a type of branching not uncommon is s orne of the species and
hybrids into \rhich the .Weéi<tø tttha of Piby can be divided. Regarding the
goatgrafcing on tle spnices Hesselkaw has given, so far, only a single
essample. This one, liowever, does ret show the irregnlar concentratian of
branches in the lover part of the stem, nor the peculiar cnrled stmeture of
the vioad so characteris S ic of spruces attaeked by goats. The sprnce
soe-cfmen in gu es ti an has developed in the manner general in Piby: The
germinasiivn toolc place about 1635, and the plant grev slowly as dwarf sprnce
until about two meters in height, when, about 1745. a noimal growth set in
(ligs. 131—134).
Tire anthor has previously (SEfswiwnEir H) demonstrated the fictitious
nature of the supposition that this natural spruce forest, pie pos ed as a nature
reserve, may have been transform ed into a pasture ground by the Evarnberg
factory. In the present paper he emphasij-.es once again that, during the time
of the potter/ factory, the forest was protected ard carefnlly watched by the
avner, the Arehbishop. There are records that the factory during the early
> eavs of its esdstence had to proerne fuel frum far’-avay districts, J vmkil and
Vas tman land.
Piby sprnce far-est is characterized by a number of npredous lichensn
(p 187). The term i; given by the author, in analogy to nprecious stonesu,
to the lichens in a ceriarn district which are rare, and which, if their liabitat
te destroyed or disturted, will fcecome eætinet unless re-introduced. The hcliens
in Piby referred to are epiphytes. A preliminär/ report is given of the
Lo-lam’rt yjirfjiiMKd-i’c community, the lui’uriance of wliieh has few eguals in the
whole of Uprpland. This community, which is not particularly ricli in species
but includes tlie »precious hchenn Sfepfaxmti htiita-itiatm as a prominent
con-stituent, occui-s on the trees and slirv.bs within defrnite ar-eas of s orne tens of
sipuare meters, and extends ver-tically from a level somewhat above the ground
for a fe v;- meters. The host-species can be Pu-cyc Alias- (chiefly), Satte cofjv-wr,
tytmuifi, Æile ucI/ishi«», and Latinra Jtylosfwi». It is rather interesting
to noto tJiat the limits of this community transsect thé misod stands of these
trees and shrubs, irrespective of their species.
Norrhagen, a couple of kilometers eist of Piby forest, has been quoted
as the type of pastnre ground to which the Piby forest had been degraded
li JClftil
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