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32
I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SWEDEN.
the air temperature. Furthermore, it forms a stored supply of water, which by
its melting replenishes springs, rivers, and lakes. The ice-covering of the lakes
remains, on the average, about 115 days in the southern part of Sweden, 150
days in Central Sweden, and 200 days, or still longer, in the North. The
breaking up of the ice occurs in April in Southern and Central Sweden, whereas in
the North it takes place as låte as in May or June; congelation takes place in
November or December, and in the north-eastern part of Norrland already in October.
Nacka.
In the Inner »fikärgàrd" near Stockholm.
The state of the ice in the waters around our coasts is a very important
matter for navigation. Along the west and south coasts, the waters are covered
with ice only in the most severe winters. This covering, most often in form of
drifting ice, does not stretch very far into the open sea, nor continue long. Hence,
it does not materially hinder ocean navigation except in quite sporadic cases,
once or twice a century. The Sound has been covered with ice thick enough
to drive on, during some severe winters. The northern and central part of
the Baltic is covered with ice outside the fringe of coast-islands only during the
most severe winters, the solid ice along the coasts ordinarily forming a band, at
the most some tenths of kilometers wide, and remaining only some days or weeks.
The drifting ice, however, under these circumstances may often cover a
considerable part of the surface of the Baltic and accumulate in mighty heaps.
Only during the mildest winters can the navigation on these waters go on the
whole season without interruption by ice; between Stockholm and Visby it ceases
ordinarily towards the end of December, and begins again about the 10th of
April. During very severe winters the Aland Sea (the strait between the Baltic
and the Gulf of Bothnia) is covered with practicable ice.
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