Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - First part - I. Physical Geography - 2. Climate. By N. Ekholm, Ph. D., Central Meteorological Office, Stockholm
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
CLIMATE.
33
The southern part of the Gulf of Bothnia (called the Sea of Bothnia) is frozen
over every winter along the coasts but seldom, if ever, in its central part.
Navigation there is impeded, on an average, from the end of November till the
beginning of May either by solid or by drifting ice, with some difference for different
parts and variations amounting to 6 or 8 weeks, according to the severity of the
winter. A few times it has happened that the port of Hernösand was free from
ice a whole winter. The Qvarken (the strait between the northern and southern
parts of the Gulf of Bothnia) is covered with practicable ice every third or fourth
winter on an average. The Gulf north of the Qvarken, is covered with ice
regularly every winter. The freezing along the coasts occurs, on an average, about
the middle of November, sometimes towards the end of October, or at the
beginning of December. The breaking up of the ice ordinarily takes place between
the 15th and 31st of May, seldom before the 15th of May, and sometimes as
låte as the beginning of June.
Fog is not frequent on Swedish waters. For the Gulf of Bothnia and the
Baltic as far as Gotland, the maximum of frequency, 4 to 8 times a month, occurs
in April or May; for the South Baltic and the western waters, it takes place
during the winter and amounts to 7 to 10 times a month.
Moisture (rain, snow, hail, etc.) is, next to temperature, the most
important climatic factor. Sufficient moisture and a duly high
temperature are the essential conditions of vegetation.
The following table, which has been calculated by means of the
observations made at about 430 stations, according to the results
published by H. E. Hamberg, gives the average annual amount of
precipitation in every lftn for the years 1880/94. We have verified
the fact that the average for these years does not differ much from
the average of observations made at about 30 stations during the
years 1860/98.
Lfin.
[-Millimeters’.-]
{+Milli-
meters’.+}
Stockholm................... 482
Uppsala...................... 482
Södermanland.............. 504
Östergötland.............. 525
Jönköping................... 605
Kronoberg.................. 599
Kalmar1..................... 477
Gotland...................... 442
Blekinge..........................................522
Kristianstad..........,..........588
Malmöhus......................................553
Halland............................................627
Göteborg och Bohus..........642
Elfsborg»......................................682
Skaraborg................... 577
Vermland.................. 625
Örebro........................ 603
Vestmanland............... 588
Kopparberg................. 540
Gefleborg.................... 516
Vesternorrland............ 468
Jemtland.................... 463
Vesterbotten *............. 459
Norrbotten4................ 401
The average for the whole of Sweden is 501 mm., but for the two
northernmost läns only 420, for the rest of Norrland 476, for
Svealand 552, and for Götaland 574 mm. For the east coast it is
materially less than for the west coast. In the former, a prolonged
drought is not rare, particularly in spring and the early part of
summer. — In the fell-districts of northwestern Lappland, where regular
observations are not made as yet, the precipitation is probably much
greater than that given here for the län of Norrbotten.
1 Northern half of the continental part 530, southern half of the same 492, the island
of Öland 410 mm. — * Northern half 666, southern half 698. — 5 Western half 475, eastern
half 443. — * "Western half 407, eastern half 395. — 6 About 25 millimeters (accurately:
25 4) = 1 inch.
Sweden. 3
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
