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45

(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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GEOLOGY.

45

past Helsingborg, Lund, and the western side of the Romeleklint to the
neighbourhood of Ystad. This fault measures about 130 kilometers in
length. On the southwestern side of it, the bed-rock in the
neighbourhood of Höganäs has sunk downward about 180 meters and in some
places much more. Worth mentioning is the fact that such
considerable dislocations are generally not noticeable by any topographical
features on the surface of the land, unless the bedrock at the elevated
side of the fissure of dislocation consists of gneiss, or of other relatively
hard rocks. The differences in height caused by dislocation have been
leveled by later denudation.

The Triassic system, especially its upper division — Keuper — is
developed in Skåne. The strata consist of red and greenish, or in other
ways variegated clays, marls, and sandstones with conglomerates. They
crop out north of Höganäs and in the tracts east and north-east of
Landskrona, continuing underneath the adjacent Rhaeto-Liassic
formation. Borings have been sunk in them to a depth of 180 meters
without reaching their bottom.

The varying series of strata belonging to the lower group of the
Jurassic system (the Lias) and to the passage-beds from the
underlying Keuper (the Rhcetic group), occur within three districts, together
occupying an area of 800 sq. kilometers. The northernmost of these
districts is the largest, extending between Höganäs, Skelderviken,
Hallandsås, Söderåsen, and Landskrona. The middle district is situated
near the borough and railway-station of Eslöf, and the southern has
the form of a narrow belt, following the boundary of the Silurian
system, from lake Vomb to close north-east of Ystad. The
formation consists of alternating fine-grained sandstones (chiefly white
and yellow), grey or black clays — among them also fireproof clay —
grey or black clay-slates and shales, and, at several levels, some seams
of coal. The deposit, as a whole, is therefore called the coal-bearing
formation of Skåne. The layers are commonly horizontal or very slightly
inclined. Their aggregate thickness varies in different localities, partly
in consequence of the different amount of denudation. At Höganäs the
formation has been found to attain a thickness of 240 meters.

It is chiefly the lower parts of the formation that contain
coal-seams of sufficient value to warrant their working, and this
circumstance makes it necessary to sink the shafts, not only through the often
quite thick, superficial accumulations — the Quaternary deposits — but
also through the greater part of the coal-bearing formation itself
before the valuable beds are reached.

The layers, however, being much disturbed by faults, the depth
on which such beds are found varies considerably. Thus, for instance,
the coal-seams of Höganäs lie about 100 meters below the present
surface, those of Bjuf about 30 meters, and those of Skromberga and
Bosarp yet higher up. The thickness of the coal-seams worth working

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