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POPULAR EDUCATION. 291
Table 47. Number of Teachers and Pupils in the Common Schools.1
Average for
the years
Mean
population.
[-Teachers.-]
{+Teach-
ers.+}
Id. per
10,000
inhab.
Teacher*.
Men. I Women.
Whereof in
the Common
Schools. *
Men. I Women.
Pupils.
_ . , To each
Total, teacher.
In 1876..................4,407.000 9,627 218 4,926 4,701 3,648 592 634,400 65 9
1876/80.........14,500.000 10,211 22 7 5,003 5,208 3,796 688 636,500 62 8
1881/85.........1 4,605,000 ! 11,738 25 5 5,155 6,583 4,057 1,066 653,132 55 6
1886/90 ..................4,742,000 13,065 27 6 5,362 7,703 4,332 1,471 685,655 526
1891/95....................4,832,000 14,296 29 6 5,516 8,780 4,535 1,881 706,903 49’4
! 1896/00.........1 5,032.000 15,890 316 5.633 10.257 4,786 2,434 737,217 46’4
I In 1900.........! 5,117,0O0 16,630 32 5 5,717 10,913 ) 4,922 2,649 741,959 44 6
higher certificate of study. For an appointment as infant school teacher,
graduation at a seminary established for that purpose is required, as a
rule. In the so-called exercise subjects, i. e. drawing, singing,
gymnastics, gardening, and sloyd, instruction is sometimes given by specially
appointed teachers, but, as a rule, these subjects are taught by common
school teachers.
The examinations for ccujnmon school teachers can be passed only at the
Seminaries for common school teachers. The number of such seminaries is at
the present time 13, viz. 7 for male and 6 for female students. To every
seminary belongs an Exercise-School (öfningsskola), which must contain an »infant
school department», and, where practicable, also a »higher division of the
common school», or a »continuation school» (see above, p. 289).
The teaching staff of a seminary is composed of a rector and at least four
adjunct teachers together with masters of drawing, singing, music, gymnastics,
garden management, planting, and sloyd. Moreover, a sufficient number of
teachers should be allotted to the Exercise School. With regard to Seminaries
for women, at least one adjunct teachership must be held by a woman, and
the instruction of gymnastics and needlework (preferably also of music and singing)
onght to be conducted by female teachers, and the exercise school should have
female teachers. With respect to qualification, salaries, and pensions, seminary
teachers rank on the whole with College teachers; but those at exercise schools
with those at common schools.
To enter a seminary the candidate must be 16 years old, and show on
examination that he or she has acquired a tolerably complete common school
education. The instruction is free. To poor and clever pupils who have shown
commendable industry and good behaviour, scholarships (the maximum 150 kronor
per annum) are awarded.
The seminary course extends over four years. Of the total number of
teaching hours 13"8 % are allotted to instruction in the Swedish language, 13’2 % to
Religion. Of the remaining subjects, Mathematics, History, and Geography each
take up 9-2 %; Pedagogics and Methodics 7-9 %; Natural Science 7*2 %, and
exercises in the practice of teaching 6-6 %. To these must be added Copywriting with
2-o %; Drawing with 5’9; Music and Singing with 7"9; Gymnastics with 7*9;
Sloyd with 7’2, and Gardening and Planting with 2’o %.
1 Common Schools of every kind, see Table 46. — "In the so-called Common Schools
proper, see Table 46. Teachers in exercise subjects are included in the preceding coll.,
bat not here; the number of such teachers in 1900 was 1,006, whereof 350 men and 656
women.
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