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300 IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
Table 48. Expenditures for the Common Schools.*
Average for the years Mean population. Total
expenditure. Kronor. Per inhab. Kronor. Heads of expenditure. Kronor.
Salaries. Houses. Materials. Others, |
I In 1876..................4,407.000 7,662,158 1’74 5,097.231 1,643,986 192,736 728,8051
I 1876,80 ..................4,:m.noO 8,544,495 1’90 5,726,835 1,695,868 215,157 906,6351
1881/85 ..................4,605,000 10,372,260 2 25 7,117,566 1,700,003 236,736 11,317.9551
1886/90 ..................4,742,000 12,154,629 2-56 8,460,795 1,822,928 224,330 .1,646,576
1891/95 ..................4,832,000 14,483,222 3 00 9,679,281 2,391,281 315,688 ,2,0%,972
1896/00 ..................5,032,000 18,993,454 1 3-77 11,696,774 4,017,695 308,609 2,970,376
In 1900..................5,117.iKK) I 23,097,746 i 4 51 13,124,111 5,829,409 338,358 | 3,805,868
State with 2/3 of its outlay for salaries. Moreover, the state contributes towards
establishing pensions a sum which at the present time amounts to about 570,000
kronor, and it defrays the expenses for the seminaries for common school
teachers and also for the inspection of common schools. In the total expenditures
for popular instruction, the higher common schools and the schools for the
abnormal, the State contributes with about 30 %. — The amount of donation» for
common school purposes amounted in 1898 to somewhat above öVs million kronor.
Educational Sloyd.
Sweden takes an important part in the movement which, directed
against exclusive brain-work at school, strives to make systematically
arranged manual work an important element of rational education. A
Swedish educational sloyd system has been devised and worked out,
and afterwards adopted in many other countries, both in and out of Europe.
As early as in the beginning of 1870, definite steps were taken in
our country to introduce sloyd instruction, both in already existing
schools and in so-called sloyd-sehools especially established for the purpose.
To begin with, these efforts were supported by private persons, but soon
subventions could be counted upon also from communal authorities,
county councils, and agricultural societies. The State grant was at first
of an indirect nature, inasmuch as the contributions delivered for the
purpose by the agricultural societies were furnished to them by the
Agricultural Academy.
In 1877, the Riksdag voted 15,000 kronor to the promotion of sloyd
instruction for boys. At that time, there were some eighty schools
where such instruction was given, and each school received an annual grant
of 75 kronor, whereas the number of classes which during 1900 were
in receipt of such a grant, amounted to 3,490. This instruction is not, as
a rule, compulsory, nor is it of necessity that a system regulated
in every detail be adopted. — The total of the grant paid by the
Government to those schools where sloyd instruction is imparted to boys,
was, in 1900, 261,750 kronor.
* Including Training Schools for teachers, People’s High Schools, Schools for the
abnormal, and also grants for pensions, the total expenditure amounted in 1900 to 26
million kronor (see p. 286). A krona = l io shilling or 0 268 dollar.
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