Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - First part - IV. Education and Mental Culture - 1. Popular Education - Education of abnormals, and of neglected children - Working Schools for Disabled People, by Mrs. Alice Bonthron, Gothenburg - Education for ill-principled and neglected children - People's High Schools, Workmen's Institutes, and University Extension, by G. Aldén, Deputy Editor, Stockholm
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312
IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
The Helsingborg and Stockholm schools for disabled people have much the
same by-laws and the same instruction, and work on the same plan as the
Gothenburg school, of which we have given a detailed account above. Nothing has yet
been done on the part of the State to facilitate the instruction and care of
disabled people, so it is almost entirely from the neighbourhood in the immediate
vicinity of the schools that pupils can be received.
Education for ill-principled and neglected children. For criminal
minors from all parts of the Kingdom an agricultural colony is started at Hall
in the län of Stockholm, organized on the model of the famous French
institution of Mettray. The establishment enjoys a State grant, amounting to 50 öre
(6 V* d.) per day and »pupil». Pupils are received at the colony from the age of
ten to fifteen and, if found necessary, they can be retained there till they Ime
reached twenty. At present, 175 pupils can be admitted. Of those received, 80 %
are considered to have returned to society as members abiding by the law. By the
city of Stockholm an educational establishment has been founded at Skrubba for
children who — without yet having been prosecuted — show an evil disposition.
Larger and smaller reformatory schools also exist in various other places.
With respect to a general organization of the educational work among
ill-principled and neglected children, a law was issued June 13, 1902. According
to this law, criminal or ill-principled children under fifteen years of age should
be taken care of by educational authorities, not by a court of justice. As for
culprits in the age 15/18 — in case the imprisonment to which they be sentenced
does not exceed six months’ time — the court has a right to convert this
punishment into reception at a public reformatory establishment. Besides, the law
prescribes that in every school district (at present about 2,500 in the whole kingdom)
there shall be a Board to take charge of the ill-principled and neglected children
of the district. This Board can be elected specially for the purpose, otherwise it
may consist of the School board. A requisite number of protective homes shall
be erected by the County councils, with support also from the State.
People’s High Schools. Workmen’s Institutes.
University Extension.
During the last decades numerous efforts have been made in Sweden
for the promotion of knowledge also among the adult population of the
lower classes of the community, or among others who either through
their trade or profession are prevented from attending the regular
schools. These efforts have taken form, partly in the so-called »People’s
High Schools» and in the kindred »Workmen’s Institutes», both of which
institutions have originated on Scandinavian or Swedish ground, and
partly in the so-called »University extension» movement, according to a
pattern received from England. To this has, of låte years, been added
a great activity in popular public lecturing, which is being embraced
with a steadily growing interest, and is arranged for by associations
specially formed for the purpose.
People’s High Schools (Folkhögskolor) are institutions which only
exist in the three kingdoms of Scandinavia and also in Finland. Their
purpose is to furnish adult members, especially of the peasantry, with
an education at once civil, patriotic, and practical.
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