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380
IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
The board also appoints teachers, of whom the regular men-teachers, with
regard to qualifications and salaries, correspond to the masters of the state
collegiate schools for boys. The salaries of the lady-teachers are about the same as
those of the assistant masters of the above mentioned collegiate schools. The
annual grant to the Higher Seminary and the Normal School is at present
49,500 kronor.1
The Higher Seminary for Lady-Teachers comprises three one-year classes,
in addition to which there is an optional fourth year’s course. The number of
students in each of the obligatory classes is generally 25. In order to obtain
admission to the Seminary, the applicant must have completed the age of 18
and have passed an examination testifying that she has attained the standard
of knowledge which corresponds to a complete course at an eight years’ collegiate
school for girls (vide below). Of the entire number of hours given in the
obligatory classes about 32 ’/. are devoted to the French, German, and English
languages; 24 % to religious instruction, the Swedish language, history and
geography; 23 % to mathematics, natural science, and hygiene, 8 % to pedagogics
and the method of teaching, and 13 ’/. to singing, drawing, and gymnastics. Some
of the subjects are, however, optional. — The fourth course of the Seminary is
intended particularly for the training of specialist teachers. Each student, therefore,
receives instruction only in those subjects which she herself chooses. — AH
instruction at the Seminary is free of charge, and poor and deserving pupils receive
small scholarships from the State.
The Normal School comprises 3 preparatory classes for children of 6 to
8 years of age, 8 regular classes, and a continuation class, the last chiefly
intended for instruction in domestic economy. The pupils of the school pay
annual fees ranging from 75 kTonor in the lowest class to 185 kronor in the highest.
In the continuation class the fee is 100 kronor.1 Fifteen pupils are, however,
educated free of charge, and five pay but half the fees. Of the entire number
of lesson hours in the eight regular school-classes 24 % are devoted to the French,
German, and English languages; 33 % to religious instruction, the Swedish language,
history and geography; 15 % to mathematics, natural science and hygiene, while
no less than 28 % are allotted to writing, drawing, singing, needlework, and
gymnastics. Some of the subjects are, however, optional.
In connection with these institutions a School of Domestic Science was opened
in 1893, the pupils being not only those of the continuation class of the Normal
School, but also others who wish to qualify for becoming teachers of domestic
economy in collegiate schools for girls. Pupils of the latter class, who must be
at least 20 years of age and produce certificates proving that they have the
necessary elementary knowledge, are instructed in a special course, both theoretical
and practical. The theoretical course embraces physics, chemistry, the science of
food, domestic economy, hygiene (including the physiology of digestion),
bookkeeping, and pedagogics. The practical instruction, comprising cooking, baking,
preserving, marketing, etc., and also scullery work, is designed not only to make
the students thoroughly at home in these various occupations, but also to give
them direction and practice in teaching these subjects themselves. The
instruction is free of charge, but the student pays for the meals taken during the time
she attends the school.
B) Private Schools. The entire number of these schools is about
120, having altogether about 13,000 pupils. Started by private persons
or associations, or by communities, they have had perfect freedom to
1 A Swedish krona ■= l io shilling = O’aos dollar.
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