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338
IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
(for the ordinary examination for Holy orders 5 years), and for licentiate’s degree
in medicine, as much as 11 years. In part, this condition of things depends upon
the comprehensive studies which are required, but in part also upon the somewhat
unpractical arrangements in regard to teaching. Attempts have been made, during
the last few years, to find a remedy for the latter defect by the establishment of
the so-called propaedeutical courses for the preparatory examinations, and at present
a Royal Committee is busy with working out a plan for the reorganization of
the academical examinations.
Students. To matriculate at the university a student must have
passed the university entrance examination (the final examination at a
Higher State College).
Every student must belong to one of the nation-societies or »Landskap» into
which the body of students has been divided from olden times, for the promotion
of industry and morality and for mutual aid. At Uppsala there are 13, and
at Lund, 12 »nations», each comprising, in the main, students from special parts
of the country, and each under the control of an inspector, chosen by the society
itself from amongst the ordinary professors of the university. At Uppsala these
societies usually have their own houses (clubs) and the disposal of pretty large
funds; at Lund the students possess in common a large building called the
Academical society’s building. — The part played by the nation-societies in Swedish
student life has been notably great and important. The student’s badge is the
beautiful »white cap», known also abroad from various singing tours made by the
students. — By the side of the nation-societies may be noticed a number of special
societies for scientific work, athletic exercises, etc., as well as for music and singing,
in which latter respects the Swedish students have won universal reputation.
Table 52. Number of University students in Sweden.1
Average
nnm-ber, Antumn and
Spring-terms. Mean population. Numbe r of students. Total. Per 10,000 inhab.
Uppsala. Lund. Caroline Institute.’ [-Stockholm.» Gothenburg-] {+Stock- holm.» Gothen- burg+}
In 1870 ....... 4,161,000 1,403 454 54 1,911 459
1871/75 ....... 4,274,000 1,554 542 82 — — 2,178 510
1876/80 ....... 4,r>oo,ooo 1,448 612 153 — — 2,213 4-92
1881/85 ....... 4,60.~>,< >00 1,660 807 253 40 — 2,700 599
1886/90....... 4,742,000 1,825 889 375 46 — 3,135 6-61
1891/95 ....... 4,832,(JOO 1,564 728 380 50 32 2,754 570
1896,00....... 5,032.000 1,495 637 326 47 59 2,584 510
In 1900....... 5,117,000 1,449 642 294 40 67 2,402 4 87
• 1902...... 5,187,000 1,497 688 298 55 81 2,610 505
The number of university students in Sweden during the years 1870/1902,
is found in Table 52. As may be seen, the total number has varied very
much. The decline of låte years must be partly ascribed to a decrease in the
number of matriculated students (cf. Table 51), but partly also to a more rapid
completion of required courses. Among the total of 2,529 students in the Autumn
of 1900, 276 belonged to the theological faculty, 443 to the law faculty, 514 to the
medical, and 1,296 to the philosophical, in which last number are included students
preparing for the preliminary examinations hitherto required for entrance into the
three other faculties. Amongst the students of 1903 (Spring) there were 89 women.
1 According to 6. Eneström, and to »Report on the School-Question» by N. Höjes,
A. Lindhagen, and S. Boije. — "In Stockholm. — * The private University of Stockholm.
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