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MEDICINE. 459
In 1824, Anders Retzius
(1796/1860) was appointed
to the chair of Anatomy
and Physiology, and in 18 3 0
nominated professor and
inspector of the College;
the instruction in the
dissecting-room was
systematized, and from that time
was here introduced the
very renowned method of
dissection in use in our
eountry; around him
gathered a great number of
interested pupils and
colleagues; anatomy as well
as other departments of
Medicine made a new
start. Contrary to the
philosophical and speculative
tendency then generally
prevailing, this Institute
was made the center of
that new conception,
according to which
observation of nature is the
essential, and Medicine, on
the basis of anatomy and
physiology, is a natural
Bcience. Through his zeal
and talent as a teacher,
A. Retzius exercised a
reviving and invigorating influence, and through his scientific works and his
discoveries in microscopical as well as in macroscopical anatomy, and not least in
craniology, he gained European celebrity. G. von Duben (1822/92) embraced
anthropology with particular interest. Chr. Lovén (born 1835) discovered the
organ of taste in mammals, and the lymphatic vessels of the stomach etc. A. Key
(1832/1901) at first devoted himself to normal histology, to the organ of taste in
batrachia, the structure of the spleen and the kidneys, etc. G. Retzius (born 1842),
who together with Key has published an extensive work on the nervous system,
its lymphatic channels and tissues, afterwards applied his scientific investigations
partly to anatomy, macroscopical as well as microscopical, partly to anthropology
and ethnography. In anatomy he has above all dealt with the structure of the
organs of sense, especially that of the organ of hearing, and of the nervous system.
By this, and not least by his researches on the nervous system of the lower
animals, he has to a considerable extent contributed to the great improvement made
of låte in this field. E. Müller (born 1866) has contributed a series of works
on various departments of anatomy, especially the glands, the neuraglia, and the
blood vessels. E. Holmgren (born 1866) has published several works on the
finer structure of the nerve cells and other cells. O. Andersson (1871/98) has
contributed to the knowledge of the thyroid gland.
In Lund a special professorship of anatomy was founded in 1783. The
first, however, who raised anatomy to a more prominent position, was A. H.
Florman (1761/1840); he was a zealous investigator and teacher as well as an
Anders Retzius.
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