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(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - First part - IV. Education and Mental Culture - 10. Science - Medicine - Physiology, Medical Chemistry, and the Science of Drugs, by Prof. C. G. Santesson, M. D., Stockholm - Pathology, Etiology, Hygiene, Forensic Medicine, and Medical Jurisprudence, by Prof. C. Wallis, M. D., Stockholm, Member of the Riksdag

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MEDICINE.

461

berg (1815/1903), active in various directions as scientific chemist, toxicologist,
and chemist to the medical department; <S. Stenberg (1824/84), who has dealt
with numerous questions of practical chemistry; N. J. Berlin (1812/91) and
S. Jolin (born 1852), who have devoted themselves mostly to pharmaceutical
chemistry and to works of pharmacopoeia; while K. A. H. Mörner (born 1854)
has made important observations as regards the chemisty of certain albuminous
and mucous substances, as well as of colouring matters found in the human body,
etc. J. Sjöqvist (born 1863), of Stockholm, and S. Hedin (born 1859), of Lund
(lately called to be superintendant of a department of the Jenner Institute, London)
have, among other things, applied modern physical chemistry to physiological
subjects in their investigations. The faculties of Medicine in our country, three in
number, are all in possession of chemical laboratories, and the instruction in
medical chemistry of Sweden ranks higher than that of most other countries.

The science of drags (pharmacology), previously cultivated together with
natural history and especially botany by Urban Hjärne (1641/1724), Linné
(1707/78), A. J. Retzius (1742/1821) in Lund, G. Wahlenberg (1780/1851)
in Uppsala, P. F. Wahlberg (1800/77) in Stockholm, and others, as well as in
later times by O. T. Sandahl (1829/94) and R. F. Fristedt (1832/93), has since
the decade beginning 1890, been pursued in the modern direction as an
experimental science, at the Caroline Institute by C. G. Santesson (born 1862), who
among other things has studied the effects of quinine, benzine poisoning, etc.;
and in Uppsala by M. Elfstrand (born 1859), who has worked with Toxalbumins
of Croton seeds, while H. V. Rosendahl (born 1855) has made a study of the
poisonous effects of Scandinavian Aconite (Aconitum septentrionale), and K.
Hedborn (born 1859) of the effect of poisons on the isolated heart of mammals. In
Uppsala, as well as in Stockholm, preparation is being made for the establishing
of pharmacological laboratories.

The pathological systems, which were but partly founded upon careful
research in the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as in the beginning of the 19th
century, had also their representatives within the medical faculty of Sweden,
among whom the last one was Israël Hwasser (1790/1860). The
pathological-aaato«ieal school of Paris in the beginning of the century, which has for ever
united clinical observation with pathological anatomy, found its first disciples in
A. Retzius (1796/1860) and M. Huss (1807/90), and after the middle of the
19th century special professorships were founded in Uppsala and Stockholm at about
the same time. The professors for this subject at Uppsala, Stockholm, and Lund,
were respectively P. Hedenius (1828/96), A. Key (1832/1901), illustrious teacher
and scientific author, and M. V. Odenius (born 1828). These professors as well
as their disciples, among whom may be mentioned H. Bendz (born 1851),
U. Quensel (born 1863), E. Selander (born 1846), C. Sundberg (born 1859),
A. Vestberg (born 1859), and C. Wallis (born 1845), have worked in
pathological anatomy, or bacterio-etiological research; in 1895 this last-named science
was endowed with its first teacher, when the office of Demonstrator of Bacteriology
at the Caroline Institute was filled.

Modern hygienical research likewise obtained its first professorship in Sweden
in 1878 at the Caroline Institute, the first holder of which was E. Heyman
t (1829/89). Together with him, and in this same field, E. Almquist (born 1852),
A. Key, K. Linroth (born 1848), C. Wallis, and R. Wawrinsky (born 1852) have
worked. The extensive studies of A. Key in school-hygiene deserve special notice.

Forensic Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence first had a special professorship
devoted to them at the Caroline Institute in 1861, when A. H. Wistrand (1819/74)
received the appointment as professor pro tempore of this subject. Besides him,
A. Jäderholm (1837/85) and A. Key-Aberg (born 1854) have been the principal
workers in this science in our country.

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