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AGRICULTURE.
513
1. AGRICULTURE.
Modern agriculture begins, as is well known, with the more
general application of the principles and methods of a rational agriculture,
and has, as its first assumptions, the higher development of
agricultural chemistry (Berzelius’ and Liebig’s works) and that of the
physiology of plants. Besides this are included the development of
technical machinery — which was partly rendered necessary by the
increased cost of human labour in consequence of immigration to the
towns as well as by the development of industry — and also the new
forms of agricultural credit, by which the possibility of obtaining the
necessary working-capital was considerably increased. The capacity
of the people in general to understand and utilize the principles of a
rational system of agriculture has, too, been continually on the increase
in Sweden during the last half-century. The agricultural literature of
Sweden during the 19th century has not, it is true, been of as much
importance for its epoch as that of the 18th century was for its time,
but it has become of far greater utility for the people as a whole, in
consequence of the great increase in popular instruction.
Two principal periods can be distinguished in the development of
modern Swedish agriculture — that is, since 1840.
A Swedish Village (Karlskoga, Örebro län).
Smeden. 33
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