Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 1. Agriculture. Partly after information from P. Lundell, Ebbetorp, Member of the Riksdag - The Cultivation of Cereals
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THE CULTIVATION OF CEREALS.
535
As concerns oats, this cereal was, for two or three decades, one of
the principal exports of the country — chiefly to England and France.
The consumption within Sweden itself has, however, so greatly increased
in connection with the great development of dairy-farming, that there is
less and less of this cereal left for export. The failure of the oat crop
on one or two occasions has also contributed to the very poor results
of the last few years. Swedish oats continue, however, to enjoy a good
reputation in the markets of the world on account of its quality, of
which the figures given above regarding its weight also bear witness.
— Both the imports and exports of other Swedish cereals than those
we have named are inconsiderable.
Indian corn occupies a distinct position within corn-imports. Of this cheap
and excellent cereal, in our time so commonly used, the imports to Sweden
daring the decades 1861/1900 have amounted to an average per year of,
respectively, 725, 64,368, 90,403, and 146,441 quintals. During 1896/1900 the yearly
imports amounted to 189,767 quintals, and in 1899, which reached the maximum,
to 386,015. The cause of the Indian corn imports still keeping within these
comparatively narrow limits is to be found in the entrance duty, which at present
is 3-70 kronor per quintal (i. e. 50 cents per cwt). Endeavours made to get
this customs duty abolished have as yet not been successful.
The consumption of cereals in our country is given in its entirety
in Tables 64 and 65, and, as far as wheat and rye are concerned,
in the first part of this work, in the chapter on the consumption
of necessaries of life some data are given for each cereal separately
(Table 30, p. 156). Of the other kinds of cereal than wheat and rye
there were consumed annually in 1801/20 about 149 kilog. per head of
the population (cf. Table 65); in 1891/00, on the other hand, 270
kilog. — seed-corn not included in either case. The increase is
exclusively in the oats, of which corn Sweden nowadays uses more, relatively,
than does any other country with the exception of Denmark and the
United States. In 1881/90, there were consumed annually per head of
the population, 26 kilog. of mixed corn, and 7-? kilog. of pease.
Table 74. Cereal prices in Sweden, 183611900.1 Kronor per quintal*
Average for the years Wheat. Rye. Bar-, ley. Oats.
1836 40........... 13-71 1107 9-86 764
184145........... 1427 12 00 8-99 686
1846/50........... 1392 11-25 1004 789
185155........... 17-76 1410 1225 955
1856/60........... 18-26 13 01 12-90 10-42
1861/65........... 15-76 1280 11-29 8-95
1866/70........... 1809 14-66 13-24 1059
1871/75........... 18 78 14-29 13-77 11-54
1876/80....:...... 17-11 1343 13-12 1099
1881 85........... 15 88 12-87 11-60 9-76
1886/90........... 12-82 1005 1006 8 15
1891/95........... 12-86 11-22 10-71 898
1896,00........___j 13-94 11-78 11-66 9-82
1 These figures, which are official, and are fixed as cash payment for certain products
originally presented as fees in natura, appear generally to be too low, but they indicate,
»t least approximately, the course of the fluctuation. — * A krona per quintal = 67 d.
or 13 6 cents per cwt.
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