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572

(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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572 VI. AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE-BREEDING OF SWEDEN.

Co-operative dairy (for 10,000 à 15,000 kilograms of milk per day).

The consumption of milk for human food is assumed, on the basis of
observations made in sundry places, to amount to half a kilogram a day for every
inhabitant. For calves and other young animals only small quantities are required
— by calves to be reared for stock cows (about 20 % of total calves born)
some 50 to 60 kilograms were formerly consumed, now 80 kilograms, while for
calves to be fattened for the butcher (about 15 •/.) the amount now consumed is
300 kilogr. The remainder of the milk produced is available for dairy purposes.
Approximately it may be said that, in 1900, 950 mill, kilograms of milk were
consumed as human food, 100 millions were devoted to the rearing of calves, etc., and
1,700 millions were absorbed by the dairies. In 1875 the amount under the
last heading was probably no more than about 532 millions.

Dairy Produce. Of the products of dairy-farming, butter occupies the foremost
place. The manufacture of butter is carried on upon a very large scale, and the butter
produced not only supplies the total demand of the country, but leaves a very
considerable margin for export. The cheese made, on the other hand, is scarcely
sufficient for the home demand. Butter and cheese are made both at specially established
dairies, working for the most part for the export trade, and in private homes, at
what are termed Household Dairies (Hushållsmejerier), which principally supply the
immediate requirements of the home but also produce for sale in the neighbourhood.

Well organized dairies have only existed in Sweden during the
last fifty or sixty years. Systematic dairy-farming was for a long
time confined mainly to the large estates, to what may be called
Manorfarm-Dairies (Herrgårdsmejerier). Towards the close, however,
of the decade 1861/70 Dairy Companies (Uppköps- or
Bolagsmeje-rier) began to be established. These companies bought all the milk

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