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577

(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 3. Dairies and Dairy-farming. By N. Engström, Ph. D., Alnarp

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DAIRIES AND DAIRY-FARMING.

577

tinned sheet-iron. Not until the year 1864, when J. G. Swartz (born in
Norrköping 1819, died 1865) produced his ice-method, did any system present itself
that was suited for dairy-work on a large scale. The ice-method, where the milk is
creamed in tall cylindrical or oval vessels placed in ice-water, soon became widely
popular, not only in Sweden but also in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Germany,
Austria, etc. The method certainly furthered dairy-farming as an industry in
Sweden very efficiently, for it was owing to its discovery that dairy companies on
a larger scale were rendered feasible. During the seventies the method prevailed
almost exclusively but is now retained only at an inconsiderable number of dairies.

With the commencement,
however, of the eighties the ice-method
began to give place to the
sepa-rating-gystem, by which the cream
is in one process removed from the
milk by means of separating and
centrifugal machines. By reason
of the numerous advantages of this
system it quickly spread
throughout the country. The
skimming-machine used in Sweden to the
exclusion of almost all others is the
one invented by G. de Laval (born in
Orsa, North Sweden, in 1845) which
was named Separator and first
appeared in 1878. From time to
time improvements and alterations
have been made in the
construction of this machine; thus, thanks
to the discovery of the
Alpha-system in 1891 by a German
engineer, v on Bechtolsheim, and the recent invention of Berrigan, an
American, for facilitating the flow of milk into the machine, the
Alpha-Separators, or Alpha-Laval Separators as they are named abroad, have
attained an efficiency in turning-out power unsurpassed by any rival.
At present there are no less than 15 different types and sizes of
separators; they can be worked by a steam-engine, a steam-turbine, or by
hand, and can skim from 40 to 2,000 kilogr. per hour. In addition to
de Laval’s separators many other systems have partially come into
Togue. Of machine-power separators, however, only two, the Crown and
the Baltic, have of later times commenced to be manufactured. — At
first the motive power used for separators was either a horse or
machinery; but since the introduction of the Alpha-system, hand-separators,
too, have been adopted in considerable numbers in small and household
dairies. Besides the above-mentioned hand-separators, several others
have come into use in the country, such as the Helice, Star, Vega,
Globe, Phoenix, Crown, Svea, the A. B. C. Separators, and others. — To
Sctde*. 37

Gustaf de Laval.

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